Diseases of brinjal pdf

How to control common tomato, pepper, eggplant and potato diseases by julie bawdendavis tomato, pepper, eggplant and potato, popular garden crops in the solanaceae family of plants, are susceptible to several diseases that can diminish or completely ruin harvests. Blossom end rot is another fungal disease that causes the ripening fruits to fall off. Jul 02, 2015 brinjal, known as baingan in hindi, is known to be king of vegetables. During the cooler months eggplant require about 25mm per week and this might increase to 50mm under very hot, windy and dry conditions. The eggplant solanum melongena is one of the most widely grown vegetable crops all over the world, including the indian subcontinent. Paplomatas laboratory of plant pathology, department of crop science, agricultural university of athens, iera odos 75, votanikos, 118 55 athens, greece corresponding author. Eggplant, solanum melongena, is a tropical, herbaceous, perennial plant, closely related to tomato, in the family solanaceae which is grown for its edible fruit. Eggplant diseases and pests, description, uses, propagation. This crop is prone to massive attacks by several species of fungi and bacteria that cause wilt, soft rot and root rot because of the increasing restriction in the use of chemical fungicides due to concern for the environment and human health, microbial.

The use of certified, disease free seed and resistant varieties are the most effective means of control. The condition is common in regions that experience frequent high humidity, such as the southern united states. Solanum melongena an overview sciencedirect topics. Little leaf, an mlocaused disease of eggplant, solanum melongena causes considerable economic losses varma, et al. The main cause of this disease is high soil, moisture and moderate temperature with high humidity levels during the rainy season. Many of these eggplant diseases can be eliminated or prevented by practicing crop rotation, reducing weed growth, and providing adequate spacing and uniform watering. This is frosttender herbaceous perennial, usually grown as an annual plant. The crop attacked by major diseases including fungal, bacterial, viral, mycoplasma and nematode. The name brinjal is popular in indian subcontinents and is derived from arabic and sanskrit whereas. Names of brinjal in various languages of the world are also given. Management of fruit rot of brinjal caused by phomopsis. Uc agricultural management guidelines for control of eggplant pests. Bioefficacy of leaf extract of neem azadirachta indica a. In addition, eggplant is a sun loving plant and should be positioned in an area that receives full sunlight.

Harvesting eggplant fruits are ready to harvest while the flesh is still firm and seeds are small and tightly packed. Brinjal pests and their control shoot and fruit borer leucinodes orbonalis. The genetically modified brinjal is a suite of transgenic brinjals also known as an eggplant or aubergine created by inserting a crystal protein gene cry1ac from the soil bacterium bacillus thuringiensis into the genome of various brinjal cultivars. This variety was designed to give the plant resistance to lepidopteran insects such as the brinjal fruit and shoot borer leucinodes orbonalis and fruit borer helicoverpa armigera. Soil and climatic requirements eggplant is a warmseason crop and does not tolerate frost. The petioles are so much reduced in size that leaves appear sticking to the stem. The leaves are 1020 cm 48 in long with 57 lobes the plant produces flowers with five white to yellow petals which are 48 cm 1. The main symptom of the disease is the production of very short leaves by affected plant. This starts with soil that is rich in humus, drains well, and has ample nutrients. High soil, moisture and moderate temperature along with high humidity especially in the rainy season leads to the development of the disease. Brown spot, common blight, and halo blight are important bacterial diseases of beans. About 85% of the diseases in brinjal plants occur in the leaves making it the area of interest for disease detection. Journal of theoretical and applied information technology. Basic requirements eggplants are warmseason crops which require a long growing season.

Drip or flood irrigation is preferable to overhead irrigation, due to susceptibility to foliar diseases. It is one of the most serious pests of brinjal fruits and plants. The roots spread into the soil at a similar rate to which the aerial growth develops. How brinjal is effective for various diseases is listed in repertory format. The name eggplant derives from the shape of the fruit of some varieties, which are white and shaped similarly to chicken eggs. General description brinjal or eggplant solanum melongena l. Pests that are harmful to an eggplant home guides sf gate.

The infected plants are characterized by stunting, excessive branching, reduction of the leaves and phyllody of flowers. The descriptions below will help you identify diseases affecting your crops. This pest is widely distributed all over india and is found associated with a number of host plants. Similar finding were obtained against fusarium wilt of carnation chandel and tomar, 2008. Solanum melongena is grown worldwide for its edible fruit most commonly purple, the spongy, absorbent fruit is used in several cuisines. The skin of the fruit should be firm, glossy and dark purple. This disease weakens plants and reduces yields by causing the pre. Some of the most common include blossom end rot, wilt diseases, and various types of blight. The results revealed that azadirachta indica was moderately efficient in controlling wilt and but highly efficient in controlling leaf spot diseases in solanum melongena l. The colorado potato beetle, the eggplant flea beetle and potato flea beetle also damage the foliage of eggplants. Sticky traps and row covers can help deter beetles from your eggplant crop. Okra plants have small erect stems that can be bristly or hairless with heartshaped leaves.

Brinjal, known as baingan in hindi, is known to be king of vegetables. Rice farming project report, paddy cultivation practices. Result of wilt diseases of brinjal indicated that there was a significant reduction 41. It is highly recommended to try and keep the between row spacing at 1. The amounts of water used will vary depending on the climatic conditions. Pdf pathological studies of disease of brinjal darvin. Damage due to anthracnose, a fungal disease, appears on ripening fruit in the form of dark, sunken lesions. Although often considered a vegetable, it is a berry by botanical. The plants has a branching stem and simple, long, flat. Brinjal is an important vegetable crop of india in played by many seedborne diseases 40, 17, 30, 36, 32, 1, 39. A long growing season of 80 days is required for the transplanted crop. Diseases such as verticillium wilt, southern blight, phomopsis blight, anthracnose fruit rot and altenaria blight are commonly associated with eggplant and can reduce its harvestable yield significantly. Click here to download a pdf version of this spotlight.

The long, slender japanese eggplant has a thinner skin and more delicate flavor. Brinjal herb uses, benefits, cures, side effects, nutrients. In this article we will discuss about the little leaf of brinjal caused by mycoplasma. They have used k means clustering for segmentation and artificial neural network for disease classification in.

University of californias official guidelines for pest monitoring techniques, pesticides, and nonpesticide alternatives for managing pests in agriculture, floriculture, and commercial turf. Pdf brinjal occupies the major proportion amongst all vegetable crops in india and is vulnerable to many diseases caused by insectpests, fungus. Feb 21, 2015 insect pests of brinjal plant 20150220 1. The infestation on brinjal can be as high as 70 per cent. Brinjal is an important vegetable crop of the far east, bangladesh, india, china and the. Only a few plants are needed to meet the average familys needs. Classification and prediction of brinjal leaf diseases. Brinjal pests and diseases eggplant, symptoms, control. They have used k means clustering for segmentation and artificial neural network for disease classification in brinjal leaves. Lower leaves may droop first before wilting occurs.

Classification of brinjal leaf diseases using kmeans clustering. In this article we discuss the pathogen and disease symptoms and suggest. This disease weakens plants and reduces yields by causing the premature defoliation of infected leaves. Nandhini 1,2,3 student, department of computer science and engineering, arasu engineering college, kumbakonam, tamilnadu, india.

Eggplant is a good source of minerals and vitamins, and in total nutritional value, it can be compared with tomato. One of the most common fungal diseases of eggplant in home and community gardens is cercospora leaf spot. Eggplants are also susceptible to bacterial and fungal diseases. The predominant diseases of brinjal those reduce the fruit yield. Eggplant solanum melongena l 2n 24, commonly known as brinjal, aubergine, or guinea squash, belongs to the solanaceae family and is included under the genus solanum, one of the largest genera covering more than 1550 species chen, 1997. The adult female lays eggs on the ventral surface of the leaves, flower buds and on young fruits. When scheduling irrigation, the size of the root system at the time of irrigation needs to be taken into account. Classification of brinjal leaf diseases using kmeans. Major diseases of tomato, pepper and eggplant in greenhouses. Okra diseases and pests, description, uses, propagation. There are several eggplant diseases that affect these crops. Uses, benefits, cures, side effects, nutrients in brinjal. Abstract agriculture is the backbone of our nation.

Pythium aphanidermatum, pythium indicum, phytophthora parasitica, rhizoctonia solani and sclerotium rolfsii. Experiment on aqueous leaf extracts of azadirachta indica to control leaf spot of brinjal indicated that there was a significant reduction 82. Okra, abelmoschus esculentus, is an herbaceous annual plant in the family malvaceae which is grown for its edible seed pods. The standard eggplant produces eggshaped, glossy, purpleblack fruit 7 to 10 inches long when fully mature. By following the recommended controls you may be able to catch the problem early on and check their progress. There are some diseases that are common in all type of leaves but there are some critical diseases on the brinjal leaf. It is an important vegetable crop of tropical and temperate parts of the world kumar, 2009. Shoot and fruit borer cause a serious damage to the fruits leading to severe reduction in the yield. Major diseases of tomato, pepper and eggplant in greenhouses dimitrios i.

These diseases attack leaves and pods and are favored by periods of wet weather. Bacterial wilt symptoms on leaf surface wilting, stunting, yellowing of the foliage and finally collapse of the entire plant are the characteristic symptoms of the disease. High on nutrients, this vegetable has many health benefits and hence, you should consume it at least once a week. Peppers, eggplant, and okra are troubled by a few diseases, especially in the south. The damage to the fruits starts soon after transplanting and continues till harvest of the fruits. Plant population guide between rows cm between plants cm 20 25 30 35 40 50 150 33 000 26 400 22 000 19 000 16 500 200. Eggplants are also prone to bacterial wilt, which kills most infected plants. Hence it is detection and classification method to improve and accelerate the. Pseudomonas solanacearum symptoms bacterial wilt symptoms on leaf surface wilting, stunting, yellowing of the foliage and finally collapse of the entire plant are the characteristic symptoms of the disease. In general, the root system can be compared to the aerial growth of the plant. Brinjal crop suffers from many biotic stresses, out of which soil borne diseases are of great economic importance.

The brinjal, eggplant or aubergine french name has originated in the indian subcontinent and china thompson and kelly, 1957. The insertion of the gene, along with other genetic elements such as promoters, terminators and an antibiotic resistance marker. Eggplant usa, australia, new zealand, anglophone canada, aubergine uk, ireland, quebec or brinjal south asia, south africa is a plant species in the nightshade family solanaceae. How to control common tomato, pepper, eggplant and potato. Okra seed is commonly planted at a rate of 10 lb per acre but this quantity is vastly reduced by the use of precision planting methods. Approp riate knowled ge about the fungal diseases o f brinjal in bareilly region is nece ssary as this i s the impo rtant centre fo r cultivation and transporta tion of brinjal fruit. Classification and prediction of brinjal leaf diseases through image segmentation 1m. Some important plant pathogenic disease of brinjal solanum.